Human Anatomy - Skeletal System - Appendicular Skeleton

The Skeletal System by Susan H. Gray

Vocabulary Added:
pectoral girdle: chest area, with clavicle and scapula
upper limbs: arm bones, including humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
pelvic girdle: hip bones (coxal)
lower limbs: leg bones, including femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Activity:
Label the pectoral girdle, main bones of upper and lower limbs, and pelvic girdle
Think of things you can do because you have arms, legs, and hips.  What does the pectoral girdle do?  Does it move?

The Phoenicians - Writing

Discussion:
Phoenicia: a Greek word meaning "purple", because they traded purple cloth
phonetic: written symbols that stand for sounds
Modern alphabets that come from Phoenicia

Activity:
Look at different kinds of writing.  Decide which ones are related to the Phoenician alphabet and which are not.

Human Anatomy - Skeletal System - Axial Skeleton (II)

The Skeletal System by Susan H. Gray

Vocabulary Added:
thoracic cage: contains the sternum and the ribs
vertebral column: contains the vertebrae, plus the sacrum and the coccyx

Activity:
Label parts of the thoracic cage and vertebral column
Do some yoga to see how the spine can move

Human Anatomy - Skeletal System - Axial Skeleton (I)

The Skeletal System by Susan H. Gray
ABC Dentist by Harriet Ziefert and Liz Murphy

Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy by Barron's

Vocabulary Added:
skull: head bone
neurocranium: contains the brain
viscerocranium: facial skeleton
frontal bone: forehead
maxilla: upper jaw
temporal bone: ear, balance mechanisms
mandible: lower jaw
incisors, canines, bicuspids, molars: four kinds of teeth

Activity:
Coloring in Human Anatomy Coloring Book
Add Skull to Human Body

The Phoenicians - Geography

Discussion:
Location of Phoenicians' home base and cities (Sidon, Tyre, Byblos)
Recall other civilizations that interacted with those cities
Other important cities (Carthage, Tangier, Cyrene)

Activity:
Map study - locate cities mentioned
Playmobil reenactment of Phoenician settlements on the Mediterranean

Human Anatomy - Skeletal System - Bone Types

Netter's Atlas of the Human Body by Barron's

Activity:
Color types of bones in Human Anatomy Coloring Book
Create paper skeleton - add to Human Body

Ancient Africa - D'mt and the Aksum Empire

A Brief Political and Geographic History of Africa by John Davenport
Wonders of the African World by Henry Louis Gates, Jr.
Silly Mammo = Kilu Mammo: an Ethiopian Tale by Gebregeorgis Yohannes

Discussion:
The Silk Road from Africa through Asia; trade with Saba (Yemen)
Rise/fall of nations - why do nations come and go?

Activity:
Locate D'mt and the Aksum Empire on a map
Picture study: Aksumite stelae

Ancient Africa - (Nubia) - Meroe

African Beginnings by James Haskins
A Brief Political and Geographic History of Africa by John Davenport
Wonders of the African World by Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

Discussion:
Meroe - an "island" city
Why Egypt could not conquer Meroe
Meroe's written language - still undeciphered

Activity:
Locate Meroe on a map
Picture study: Meroe's pyramids, statues, temples, city plan

Ancient Africa - (Nubia) - Kush

African Beginnings by James Haskins
A Brief Political and Geographic History of Africa by John Davenport
Wonders of the African World by Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

Discussion:
Egypt's New Kingdom collapses; Kush founded
Kush grows stronger, takes over Egypt
Assyria defeats Kush

Activity:
Recreate the story with Playmobil figures

Ancient Africa - Nubia vs. Egypt

African Beginnings by James Haskins
A Brief Political and Geographic History of Africa by John Davenport
Wonders of the African World by Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

Discussion:
Review of Egypt: basic culture, government, geography, history
Egypt vs. Nubia
-differences in culture, religion
-why they fought each other

Activity:
Picture Study: scenes from King Tut's tomb
Recreate the ongoing wars between Nubia and Egypt with Playmobil figures

Chordates - Review

Watch any films the student particularly enjoyed during the invertebrates unit.
Re-read any books the student particularly enjoyed during the unit.

Activities:
(over the course of five days)

1. What is the difference between a chordate and a vertebrate? 
2. How are sand dollars like sting rays?
3. Why is the coelacanth important?
4. Name three causes of extinction.
5. Why are pterosaurs and elasmosaurs not dinosaurs?
6. How do amphibians breathe? 
7. Why is a penguin not a ratite?
8. Name two places with unique mammal groups (Madagascar, Australia)
9. Why is a whale an ungulate?
10. [On a piece of paper, recreate the chordate branch up through Aves with the meanings of the scientific names.] Student pastes the correct scientific designations over the meanings, gives examples of each kind of animal.
11. [On a piece of paper, recreate the Aves branch with the meanings of the scientific names.] Student pastes the correct scientific designations over the meanings, gives examples of each kind of animal.
12. [On a piece of paper, recreate the Mammalia branch with the meanings of the scientific names.] Student pastes the correct scientific designations over the meanings, gives examples of each kind of animal.

...Mammalia - Theria - Eutheria - Primates - Hominoidea- Hylobatidae, Ponginae, Gorillini, and Panini

The Swinging Gibbon
The Orangutan and the Hound
Attenborough: Amazing DIY Orangutans - BBC Earth
"Genius" Chimp Outsmarts Tube
Gorilla vs. Gorilla

Chimpanzees by Patricia A. Fink
Gorillas by Patricia A. Fink
Gorillas by Seymour Simon
Amazing Gorillas! by Sarah L. Thomson
A Visual Introduction to Monkeys and Apes by Bernard Stonehouse
Primates: Apes, Monkeys, Prosimians by Maynard Thane
The Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Creatures: A Visual Who's Who of prehistoric life

Vocabulary Added:
hominoidea: human-family
hylobatidae: forest-dweller
ponginae: gorilla-monster (orangutan means "man of the forest")
gorillini: hairy-woman
panini: from the Greek God, Pan (half-human, half-animal)

Activity:
Draw and label any 3 kinds of apes (gibbon, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan)
Add hominoidea and hylobatidae, ponginae, gorillini, and panini to Animal Kingdom tree

Ancient Africa - Nubia - Geography and Culture

African Beginnings by James Haskins
A Brief Political and Geographic History of Africa by John Davenport
Wonders of the African World by Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

Discussion:
nub: gold
Riches: ivory, incense, ostrich feathers, slaves
Divine kingship

Activity:
Locate Nubia on a map

...Mammalia - Theria - Eutheria - Primates - Simiiformes - Catarrhini - Cercopithecoidea

Wild Monkeys eating shark eggs at low tide - BBC Wildlife (start at :55)
Hungry Monkey
National Geographic - Monkeys Go Crazy!
Lopburi Monkey Festival

Monkeys of Asia and Africa by Patricia Martin
A Visual Introduction to Monkeys and Apes by Bernard Stonehouse
Primates: Apes, Monkeys, Prosimians by Maynard Thane
The Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Creatures: A Visual Who's Who of prehistoric life

Vocabulary Added:
catarrhini: hook-nosed
cercopithecoidea: tail-ape-family

Activity:
Draw and label several Old World monkeys (baboon, macaque, etc)
Add cercopithecoidea to Animal Kingdom tree

...Mammalia - Theria - Eutheria - Primates - Simiiformes - Platyrrhini

Smallest Monkey Turf War
Owl Monkey Fathers Know Best?
Howler Monkeys

Monkeys of Central and South America by Patricia A. Fink
A Visual Introduction to Monkeys and Apes by Bernard Stonehouse
Primates: Apes, Monkeys, Prosimians by Maynard Thane
The Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Creatures: A Visual Who's Who of prehistoric life

Vocabulary Added:
simiiformes: monkey-form
platyrrhini: flat-nosed

Activity:
Draw and label 3-4 New World monkeys (marmoset, howler, etc.)
Add platyrrhini to the Animal Kingdom tree

Ancient Africa - Nok

Master Man: A Tall Tale of Nigeria by Aaron Shepherd

African Beginnings by James Haskins
A Brief Political and Geographic History of Africa by John Davenport

Discussion:
Development of culture in isolation
Iron - what is it?  Why is it important?

Activity:
Locate the Jos Plateau in modern-day Nigeria
Picture study: Nok culture: Chin-resting figure, Nok rider and horse

Ancient Africa - Bantu

The Name of the Tree: A Bantu Folktale by Celia Barker Lottridge
A Brief Political and Geographic History of Africa by John Davenport

Discussion:
Expansion of Bantu peoples from West Africa

Activity:
Locate (modern day Cameroon) West Africa on map; trace expansion South toward Great Lakes

...Mammalia - Theria - Eutheria - Primates - Tarsiiformes

World's Smallest Primate, Tarsier, Bohol, Phillipines

Primates: Apes, Monkeys, Prosimians by Maynard Thane
The Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Creatures: A Visual Who's Who of prehistoric life

Vocabulary Added:
tarsiiformes: long-foot-form

Activity:
Draw and label a tarsier
Add tarsiiformes to Animal Kingdom Tree

Ancient Africa - Ghana Empire

"Ghana" from African Beginnings by James Haskins & Kathleen Benson, and Floyd Cooper
"The Black Snake" - Oral Tradition
A Brief Political and Geographic History of Africa  by John Davenport

Discussion:
West African climate; desertification
Domestication of the Camel
Gold and salt

Activity:
Locate the Ghana Empire on the map of Africa
Narration: The Black Snake

Ancient Africa - Khoi and San People

"Click Language" and the San Bushmen People (start at :45-1:00, then 3:00 to end)

Discussion:
Khoi: pastoral life (Hottentot)
San: foraging life (Bushmen)

• finding water
• gathering food
• hunting

What does derogatory mean?  Examples of other derogatory names already learned
What happened to the Khoi/San when the Bantu came?
Name other cultures with similar lifestyles (aspects from Native Australia, Native America)

Activity:
Locate the Kalahari desert on a map
Picture Study: Kalahari desert, hunting etc

...Mammalia - Theria - Eutheria - Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lemuriformes

Senegal Bushbaby (Galago Senegalensis)
Slow Loris: Endangered for Being So Cute (start at :45)
Cute Lemurs Cross Razor Sharp Cliffs - Madagascar, Preview - BBC Two

Lemurs by Norman Anderson
Primates: Apes, Monkeys, Prosimians by Maynard Thane
The Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Creatures: A Visual Who's Who of prehistoric life

Vocabulary Added:
primate: first order
strepsirrhini: twisted-nose

Activity:
Draw and label 4 kinds of lemuriforms (bushbaby, loris, lemur, potto)
Add primates, lemuriformes to Animal Kingdom Tree